Vulnerability Discussion

ASLR makes it more difficult for an attacker to predict the location of attack code they have introduced into a process' address space during an attempt at exploitation. Additionally, ASLR makes it more difficult for an attacker to know the location of existing code to repurpose it using return oriented programming (ROP) techniques.

Check

Verify Amazon Linux 2023 is implementing ASLR with the following command:

$ sysctl kernel.randomize_va_space
kernel.randomize_va_space = 2

Check that the configuration files are present to enable this kernel parameter.
Verify the configuration of the kernel.kptr_restrict kernel parameter with the following command:

$ sudo /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl --cat-config | egrep -v '^(#|;)' | grep -F kernel.randomize_va_space | tail -1

kernel.randomize_va_space = 2

If "kernel.randomize_va_space" is not set to "2" or is missing, this is a finding.

Fix

Configure Amazon Linux 2023 to enable ASLR to enhance memory protection.

Enable ASLR by setting the kernel parameter with the following command:
echo 2 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space

Add or edit the following line in a system configuration file in the "/etc/sysctl.d/" directory:

kernel.randomize_va_space = 2

Reload settings from all system configuration files with the following command:

$ sudo sysctl --system